ABSTRACTS OF RESEARCH PAPERS, CASES
AND PRESENTATIONS
 
 
 
WACRA '99
at The University of Extremadura
CÁCARES, SPAIN
July 4-7, 1999
 

Session 1
 
 

WACRA® EXECUTIVE AND ADVISORY BOARDS
MEET WITH ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
(followed by lunch at Open University)
 
 

Session 2
 
 

WACRA® EXECUTIVE BOARD AND
ADVISORY BOARD MEETING
(Conference Center San Francisco)
 
 

Session 3
 
 

CASE WRITERS COLLOQUIUM
 
James W. Camerius
N. Michiga University
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
 

For the eighth year WACRA offers workshops specially designed to assist you in learning how to write cases and/or improve your cases. Even if you do not submit a case you are welcome to participate and gain valuable insight into the case research-writing-publishing process.

New Casewriters Workshop: A panel of experienced case researchers will discuss how to research, write and improve cases. Among the topics to be covered will be objectives, various types of case research, information sources, the writing process, and the use and development of effective teaching notes. Integral to this process will be the discussion by panel members of several presented cases and teaching notes. These cases, still in the development state, will demonstrate the case editing and improvement process. Experienced case-writers are also welcome.

The Eighth Annual Casewriters Colloquium: Both novice and experienced case writers can benefit from the colloquium. Case presenters, panelists from the workshop, and all other participants are organized into roundtables for (free-form) discussion of various cases presented at each table. Following are the cases to be discussed:
 
 
 
 

WINE AND GRAPE PRODUCTION AT THE UNIVERSITY FARM
LEDNICE, CZECH REPUBLIC - CASE STUDY
 
Jiri Erbes, Zdenek Posvar, and Pavel Zufan
Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno
BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC
 
Abstract
 

This case study describes the situation of a particular Czech wine producer, the agricultural farm in Lednice, which operates under MUAF Brno. It comes from the description of the Czech, European, and world market of wine, and results in some suggestions of the main environmental factors influencing the particular producer.
 
 

GASNALSA CASE
STRATEGY INTEGRATION, ORGANIZATIONAL
CULTURE AND TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
 
Antonio Leal Millan
University of Seville
SEVILLE (SPAIN)
Jose Manuel Hernandez Mogollon
University of Extremadura
CACERES (SPAIN)
 
Abstract
 

GASNALSA is a Spanish company dedicated to the business of supplying and commercialization of piped natural gas. In 1997 it received the European Prize of Managerial Excellence (reward comparable to M. Baldrige). The case is basically based on the methodology analysis of introduction to TQM System. The problems of transformation and cultural change to which this company has faced in order to confront new challenges of market orientation and creation of higher value for its clients are exposed here.

Besides, the administration programs that have been established by the company in order to achieve the excellency are analyzed. Especially, it is deeply described the work performed by GASNALSA in two of the criterion agents of The European Model of Managerial Excellence of EFQM: Personnel Management (criterion 3) and Quality and Process System (criterion 5).
 
 

TO SCREEN OR NOT TO SCREEN
 
Robert P. Crowner
Eastern Michigan University
YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN
 
Abstract
 

This case describes the dilemma facing the XYZ Employment Service who provided a temporary worker, John, to a client who subsequently wanted to employ him full time. However, John failed the client's drug test required for permanent employment and has been refused any future work with the client. What should XYZ do regarding using John for other assignments?
 
 

GRUPO EROSKI, SPAIN
 
Maria Antonia Caballet
Patricia Edwards
Eliades Palomino
University of Extremadura
CACERES, SPAIN
Robert L. Anderson
College of Charleston
CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA 29424
 
Abstract
 

This case describes the growth of Spain's largest domestic grocery chain. The company is a cooperative managed by Constan Dacosta and several committees. Management is trying to determine the best way to continue the company's growth and success.
 
 

TIM-BR-MARTS LIMITED - 1998
 
Hal Schroeder
University of Lethbridge
LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA
Allison Handelman
University of Lethbridge
LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA
 
Abstract
 
Tim-BR-Marts Limited was a buying group that conducted volume purchasing for independently owned and operated lumber, home mprovement materials and hardware retailers in western Canada. By purchasing together rather than individually Tim-BR-Marts was able to gain suppliers' rebates which increased with volume. These rebates reduced the cost of supplies for dealers and thus helped to keep them competitive. Until the mid-1990s the competition had included companies like Beaver Lumber, Revelstoke, and some buying groups in the areas of lumber and home improvement and large companies like Home Hardware and Canadian Tire Corporation in the hardware segment.

By the late 1990s, however, the level of competition had increased dramatically with The Home Depot and Ace Hardware Corporation expanding into Canada. Both were large U.S.-based companies with enormous purchasing power relative to Tim-BR-Marts. In this highly competitive environment there had been changes in some relationships between suppliers and retailers with both often seeking closer, mutually beneficial relationships. The number of Tim-BR-Marts' member dealers decreased from 186 in 1994 to 132 in 1998. However, Tim-BR-Marts management had been successful in increasing the level of annual suppliers' rebates earned and their goal was to maintain this record because gaining rebates for dealers was the basic reason for the organization's existence.
 
 

REMY MARTIN: THE DUTY FREE BUSINESS
 
 
Paul Chao
University of Northern Iowa
CEDAR FALLS, IOWA
Myrtil Laurent
REMY MARTIN, NEW YORK
 
Abstract
 

This case describes the Remy Martin's renewed emphasis on its Duty Free business to compete effectively in the global liquor industry. In recent years, the company is increasingly facing strong competition and changing consumer tastes and preferences. The impending abolition by the European Union (EU) of the Duty Free Trade by June1999 poses additional challenges. A viable strategy must be identified to ensure the long-term success of the firm.
 
 

CARLTON MACHINE AB
 
Maria Agestam
University of Lund
LUND, SWEDEN
Paul Miesing
Suny-Albany
ALBANY, NEW YORK
 
Abstract
 

This case is the story of Helena Olsson. It recounts the company's economic environment and financial situation. Then, it raises questions and issues of leadership particularly comparing masculine with feminine styles. Helena must deal with managing change to create her new business idea. The case leaves open for discussion what makes a model manager today.
 
 

AKEBONO CO.
 
Shoichi Hyakkai
Kanagawa University
YOKOHAMA, KANAGAWA, JAPAN
Inichi Sato
Teikyo University
HACHIOJI, TOKYO, JAPAN
 
Abstract
 
In 1983, President of Akebono Co decided to organize the strategic panel to develop the new business in the President's Office and ordered it to coordinate the business areas between several divisions and the new project group for planning and implementation as a whole. At that time there was a proposal from ASC (American Silicon Co). This case presents whether a leading company Akebono try to enter the electronic material business by joint venture with ASC. The reader will understand the strength and weakness of Japanese business, and also find some difficulty in managing the organization in Japan.
 
 
SANDRA LEE, PRINCIPAL OF SOUTH HEIGHTS PUBLIC SCHOOL
 
Robert J. Ellis
Wilfrid Laurier University
WATERLOO, ONTARIO, CANADA
Raymond S.Adamson
Wilfrid Laurier University
WATERLOO, ONTARIO, CANADA
 
Abstract
 

The case describes the events surrounding the arrival of a new principal, Sandra Lee, at South Heights Public School, an inner city school. Here initial effort to improve South Heights are a miserable failure. Sandra Lee must decide if she will resign or stay and try to transform South Heights.
 
 

QUALITY INITIATIVES AT
A PHARMACEUTICALS PLANT IN CHINA
 
Edward D. Arnheiter, Ph.D.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT
Martha C. Fransson
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT
William H. Knoth
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
TROY, NEW YORK
 
Abstract
 
The case describes the situation facing the General Manager of a joint venture pharmaceuticals plant in China. The Japanese parent is pressing for a relocation of the plant and an upgrade of quality from "Best in China" standards. The General Manager must uncover the sources of quality problems and overcome barriers to expanding the plant at its existing location.
 
 
GRUPO SYNKRO, S.A. &
GRUPO MEXICANO DE DESARROLLO, S.A.:
A GROWTH STRATEGY IN A VOLATILE ENVIRONMENT
 
Walter E. Greene
University of Texas Pan American
EDINBURG, TEXAS
James W. Camerius
Northern Michigan University
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN
James W. Clinton
University of Northern Colorado
GREELEY, COLORADO
 
Abstract
 

Grupo Synkro, S.A. (GS) and Grupo Mexicano de Desarrollo, S.A. both Mexican companies, were owned by the Mexican Ballesteros family. Cresencio Ballesteros and his two sons, Jorge and Jose Luis, operated these two companies and a number of other wholly-owned subsidiaries. Grupo Synkno (GS) was the family's textile company. Grupo Mexicano de Desarrollo (GMD) was the family's construction company.

Grupo Synkro purchased the United States-based Kayser-Roth hosiery company in January 1994 for $170 million at a time when CS was heavily in debt and the purchase price could have been used to pay down the company's debt.
 
 

MONEY'S MUSHROOMS
 
Raymond Ouellet
The American University of Paris
PARIS, FRANCE
 
Abstract
 
This case describes the situation facing the Fraser Valley Mushroom Growers' Co-operative. They have recently called in Brian Follett, President of Hayhurst Communications to assess the growing inventory of canned Money's Mushrooms, the brand name used for marketing purposes by the Co-op. However, after discussing the "canned" problem, Follett is charged instead with coming up with a new, innovative marketing plan to expand the market for "fresh" mushrooms in the metropolitan Vancouver, B.C. area.
 
 
PRIMARY COLORS, INC
 
Christopher Gift
The American University of Paris
PARIS, FRANCE
Raymond Ouellet
The American University of Paris
PARIS, FRANCE
 
Abstract
 
After six months of operating the company he founded, Primary Colors, Inc, Tom Driscoll is now wondering whether to continue or shut it down and cut the losses. In the beginning, prospects were bright, but a series of problems have arisen related to the operations, the market, and the cash flow. Thus, Tom is reviewing his business plan and the underlying assumptions driving it.
 
 
 
 
WHATHAPPENED INDUSTRIES, INC.
 
R. Keith Martin
Fairfield University
FAIRFIELD, CT
 
Abstract
 

Whathappened Industries, Inc., was a small business enterprise that made and sold its products in a comparatively captive market. The founder, who was the owner-president-chief executive, directly supervised production activities, and sold his products through local merchants.

As the company's products received acceptance in the marketplace, and the demand for them increased significantly, the company floated a stock issue to raise required expansion capital. Although the company was now publicly held, the president continued to run a "one man" show.

The president was an entrepreneur, not a skilled manager. As the company grew, and the need for both planning and operational information expanded, the president became increasingly out of his element as chief executive. Consequently, he made a series of ill advised decisions that impeded, and ultimately impacted negatively on, the company's operations.

This case describes the near disintegration of a company due to unplanned growth, ineffective information systems, and ineffective (or perhaps incompetent) decision-making. The case is divided into a series of phases, and students are asked to analyze and evaluate the company's actions as each of the phases takes place.
 
 

Session 4
 
 

TEACHING ABROAD = CULTURE SHOCK
 
Carmen Vega-Carney
Thunderbird (AGSIM)
GLENDALE, ARIZONA, U.S.A.
 

As part of the WACRA Interactive Case Sessions - a session will be held to discuss issues pertaining to teaching across cultures. There will be panels representing different regions of the world: Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin, Central and North America. If you have had expereicne teaching ro training in another part of the world, you may want to join. If you think you might be or would like to teach in another part of the world, you may want to meet others who have done so. We promise a lively presentation and discussion.
 

Panel:

A. Klein, Wheelock College, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.

N. Ray, Boise State University, BOISE, IDAHO, U.S.A.

J. Zerio, Thunderbird, GLENDALE, ARIZONA, U.S.A.

G. Borrás, Thunderbird, GLENDALE, ARIZONA, U.S.A.
 
 

Session 5
 
 

CASE WRITING WORKSHOP
(In Spanish)
 
Joelle Piffault
École des Hautes Études Commerciales
MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC, CANADA
 
 
 
 
 
 

Session 6
 

RECEIVING LINE
PRESIDENTE DE LA JUNTA DE EXTREMADURA, RECTOR UNIVERSITDAD DE EXTREMADURA,
ALCALDE DE CACERES
SAN FRANCISCO CONFERENCE CENTER
 
 

Session 7
 

OPENING PLENARY SESSION
SAN FRANCISCO CONFERENCE CENTER
 
 

Session 8
 
 

TEACHING WITH CASES WORKSHOP
"HOW INSTRUCTORS CAN INCREASE THEIR
EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS"
 
James A. Erskine
University of Western Ontario
LONDON, ONTARIO, CANADA
 

This workshop is focused on the fundamental pre-requisites necessary for effective teaching and learning with cases. New and experienced teachers alike across all disciplines will have an opportunity to participate in a sample case method class. The objectives to the teaching with cases workshop are to:

Session 9
 
 
BUILDING BRIDGES FOR THE FUTURE:
AN INNOVATIVE PARTNERSHIP MODEL
 
Daniel J. West, Jr.
University of Scranton
SCRANTON, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A.
Michael M. Costello
Moses Taylor Hospital
SCRANTON, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A
 
Abstract
 

Global health is important to the U.S. in a global health village. Central and Eastern European countries have initiated health care sector reforms given macroeconomic pressures. Health sector transformation efforts are complex and difficult requiring a management infrastructure to initiate and sustain restructuring efforts under democratization and privatization initiatives. Global intersectorial action through transnational cooperation and partnerships is appropriate to address random, discontinuous changes requiring nonlinear thinking. The BRIDGE partnership model, funded by a grant from AIHA//USAID, emphasized entrepreneurship and sustainability of efforts through the exchange of information and ideas between universities, faculties, community networks and health care professionals between the U.S. and Slovak Republic.
 
 

Session 10
 
 

STRATEGIC QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN AN INTERNATIONALISED UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT: A CASE STUDY
 
Janek Ratnatunga
Monash Mt. Eliza Business School
CAULFIELD JUNCTION, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
 
Abstract
 

Since the early 1990s, a number of initiatives of the Australian Federal Government have had a compounded impact on higher education in general, and for the teaching of accounting related studies in particular. The general impacts have been caused by the mergers of educational institutions following the Dawkin's Green Paper and the Quality Audits following the Higher Education Council Report. The specific impacts have been due to the aftermath of the Matthew's Committee Report on the quality of Accounting Departments, and the move towards entrepreneurship and internationalisation of higher education due to various funding constraints imposed on the university sector.

Accounting departments that were ranked at diverse ends of the quality spectrum in the Matthew's report suddenly found themselves "merged" into one university due to the Dawkin's recommendations. These departments also found that accountancy studies was one of the more popular discipline areas in many of the targeted overseas markets. This internationally focused entrepreneurial thrust was, however, seen by many as being not only at the expense of the more traditional research orientation of university departments, but also as reducing the quality of the local-product as resources were dissipated and standards lowered in search of the almighty fee-paying overseas student.

This paper is an in-depth case study of a university department that was subject to all of the above pressures in the 1990-1996 period. It reports on the objectives, strategies and structures adopted by the department in such an environment, its attempt to manage quality of the programs within the department, and the performance outcomes achieved during the period. The case provides many useful lessons for Universities, and their Faculties and Departments, which wish to operate in a globalized environment.
 

TO GROW OR TO SELL: A CASE ON THE CLASSIC
DILEMMA OF FAMILY BUSINESS BASED ON A
DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY PROJECT
 
EMILIO-PABLO DÍEZ DE CASTRO
JOSÉ-IGNACIO RUFINO RUS
UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA
SEVILLA, SPAIN
 
Abstract
 

This case describes and discusses the current transition from one generation to antoher in a growing southern Spanish middle-size family business. It is based on in-company research and several documents issued by the CEO to the Board of Directors which is composed of five brothers and sisters whose equity holdings are equal. Management professionalization, Strategic Change, Business Diversification, and Family Business Relationships are the main topics in the case. An organizational analysis is derived from a strategy plan, which will be described formerly. This case can be useful as a practical reflection on difficulties faced by the family business in generational transition, even if both internal and environmental conditions are good.
 
 

AN ASSESSMENT OF FACULTY PERCEPTIONS:
FACULTY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS TODAY AND
IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
 
Marianne J. D'Onofrio and Anita L. Jackson
Central Connecticut State University
NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

This paper investigates the impact of technology on education and the concomitant training needs of professors as we move into the twenty-first century. Faculty perceptions are measured for four important areas (methods and techniques, technology, environmental factors, and people and training factors). Additionally, the role of professors and the promotion and tenure system are studied.
 
 

PROBLEM BUSINESSES: CASE STUDIES
ON CONSUMER COMPLAINTS
 
James E. Fisher
Jeri Mullins Beggs
Saint Louis University
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI , U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

This paper illustrates how the case method was used as both a teaching and research tool in an effort to understand why certain industries are plagued with third-party complaints. Graduate management students, enrolled in two different marketing course at a private mid-western university, engaged in a case research and writing project. The opportunity to participate in this exercise arose out of an existing educational and research partnership between an academic business ethics center and a major metropolitan Better Business Bureau (BBB). The case studies were remarkably successful in capturing and tracing the complicated development and communication that surrounds the serious complaints filed with the BBB.
 
 

Session 11
 
 

EXPERIENTIAL EDUCATION AS A SPRINGBOARD FOR STUDENT CREATED CASE STUDIES IN CULTURALLY DIVERSE SETTINGS
 
Viviana Alexandrowicz
University of San Diego
SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, U.SA.
 
Abstract
 

This presentation will provide insights about the process and challenges of students developing and analyzing case studies rom Community Service Learning during a teacher preparation program at one University in California, U.S.A. The presenter will provide a framework, descriptions, and recommendations that can be utilized in various fields of study in institutions of higher education. Participants will receive written examples of questions and guidelines fro developing and evaluating case studies.
 
 

THE MISSING LINK TO CREATIVE TEACHING WITH
ROPE TRICKS, JUGGLING, AND HACKY SACK
 
Patricia M. Boer.
Ball State University
Muncie, INDIANA, USA
and
Center for Career Life Planning
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, U.S.A.
Linda Edington
Vincennes University
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, U.S.A.
Eugenia Scott
Butler University
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

This paper describes case method and action research activities following seven national and international workshops on creative teaching. The first phase of the study was conducted at the first international conference of ACT-WACRA, Switzerland, 1998. All seven presentations connected participant responses to characteristics described in The Courage to Teach, [Palmer, 1997], including attendees writing their philosophy of teaching/learning, as outlined by Apps [1996]. Analysis of the information indicates a missing link for implementation. A program planning model will be offered to demonstrate how to translate the enthusiasm generated in workshops to utilization in participants' home settings.
 
 

TEACHER TRAINING IN CASE STUDY ENCOURAGES INNOVATION: AN ARGUMENT FROM EXAMPLE
 
Roberta Golliher
Miyazaki International College
KIYOTAKE, MIYAZAKI, JAPAN
 
Abstract
 

Case study of innovative courses is useful for teachers-in-training to undertake in order to learn both course design and classroom research. One example of a case study that fulfilled such purposes is discussed in detail--a case study of a university course revised and implemented by graduate students. Their course enabled ESL composition students to write regular, college-level compositions rather than more typically assigned simpler, shorter compositions. New elements of the course included cooperative learning, portfolio grading, thematic assignment sequencing, and collaborative writing. Adoption of the major course revisions is recommended, with caveats given about the collaborative writing.
 
 

LIBERAL ED MEETS HIGH TECH:
INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION
TO IMPROVE INSTRUCTION
 
Barbara K. Iverson
Teresa Prados-Torreira
Columbia College
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
 

Abstract
 

We describe how our collaborative digital technology project assignment improves teaching and learning. Our model, funded in part by a Federal Improvement of Post-Secondary Education grant, pairs up a "content" class with a "technology" class, in a simulation of the contractor/client relationship. The "client" class creates information to be presented, and the "contractor" class renders as interactive multimedia [CD-ROM or website.) The "content" teacher gest help from the "tech" teacher in integrating use of the Internet, electronic presentations, e-mail, electronic forums and bulletin boards into their classroom routine. The students learn in context and by doing, rather than by rote.
 
 

Session 12
 
 

IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN DEVELOPING AND TEACHING
CASES IN A NON-BUSINESS DISCIPLINE?:
CHALLENGES AND OBSERVATIONS
 
Chi Anyansi-Archibong
North Carolina A&T State University and NCSBTDC
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA,USA
Andy Czuchry
East Tennessee State University
JOHNSON CITY, TENNESSEE,USA
Claudia S. House
Nashville Tech
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE, USA
Collin T. Ballance
Nashville State Tech
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE, USA
 
Abstract
 

The prevalent development and application of teaching cases to the business discipline has clouded or somehow limited the use in other areas. This focus further questions the transferability of skills and learnings associated with the case discussion method to other disciplines. This paper presents the results of a survey of case authors and users, highlights efforts at case development and applications in non-business disciplines, discusses the challenges encountered and uses the conclusions to make the case for case development and discussion method for all disciplines and levels of education.
 
 

ENTREPRENEURIAL CREATIVE CASE
Janko Kralj
College of Management
KOPER, SLOVENIA
and
University of Maribor
School of Economics and Business
MARIBOR, SLOVENIA
 
Abstract

This paper reports on innovations in case teaching in the field of management, and specifically on the development of an entrepreneurial case method. The challenge faced was how to teach management in a non-case environment, where few teaching resources were available (money as well as cases in a native language). Live cases were chosen and later "entrepreneurial creative cases" as the method of case teaching. With creative cases, participants develop an entrepreneurial idea and then create an enterprise to develop and market the idea. They consider enterprise policy and planning, and the outcome must be a feasible entrepreneurial project. A specific innovation was added recently to support the entrepreneurial idea, namely that students make a physical prototype of the product (using Lego blocks, plasticine, etc.) that will be produced and sold, and prepare a poster to present it to the market.
 
 

MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES AND TEMPERAMENT TYPE:
A SIMULATION
 
Lynette La Hay
Debbie O'Reilly
National-Louis University
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

In the l950's the idea of temperament type was revived. Isabel Briggs Myers, with her mother Kathryn Briggs, after reviewing Carl Jung's book on Psychological Type and observing the behavior of family and friends devised the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The MBTI identified sixteen different patterns of behavior and has been widely used throughout the world. The MBTI renewed Jung's ideas about temperament type and how temperament influences behavior in the workplace and at home. Jung believed that individuals were born with their basic temperament type in place [Keirsey and Bates, l984]. Kathryn Briggs included her research findings on the Myers-Briggs in a book entitled Gifts Differing, emphasizing the perspective that we are all born with different preferences for our sources of energy (introversion vs extroversion), ways of accessing information (sensation vs intuition), ways of making decisions (feeling vs thinking) and ways of perceiving the world (judging vs perceiving). [Kerisey and Bates, l984]. Important points to emphasize when discussing temperament include all behaviors (preferences) discussed are found on a wide continuum and all temperament types bring gifts - no one temperament type is better

than another.

This simulation deals with differences in temperament type and how they impact managers who are facilitating a change process. The managers are working in a for-profit organization but could be in any kind of organization. The typology used is based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The change process has to do with redesigning a bank to accommodate new technology.
 
 

TEAM LEARNING WITH THE INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA MANAGEMENT SIMULATION
 
Lawrence M. Lamont and Anne C. Schroer Lamont
Washington and Lee University
LEXINGTON, VA U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Interactive multimedia simulations provide an opportunity to use technology to enhance management education. Although the simulations are primarily used to teach business strategy to individuals, they can also be used to provide an interactive learning experience for student teams. The paper develops team learning theory and integrates it into the learning stages for multimedia simulations. The issues of using multimedia simulations in an academic setting with student teams are also discussed and guidelines are given to insure a successful educational experience.
 
 

Session 13
 
 

REFLECTIONS FROM THE HEART: DELIBERATIONS AND CONTEMPLATIONS OF TEACHERS OBSERVING THEIR PEERS
 
Ernestine Riggs & Ana Gil Garcia
Loyola University & Northeastern Illinois University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A
 
Abstract
 

This paper focuses on the utilization of reflective teaching and thinking by twenty-two teachers as a tool to engage teachers in the process of observing, examining, analyzing, and evaluating their philosophy of teaching and learning and their effectiveness as teachers. Research has indicated that reflection encourages teachers to critically assess, "What am I doing? Why am I doing it? Does it result in increased student learning and achievement? More important, does it help me become a more knowledgeable and effective teacher?"
 
 

MARKETING ON THE INTERNET:
COMMENTS ON AN ELECTRONIC, CROSS-NATIONAL COURSE
 
Nina M. Ray and Robert P. Minch
Boise State University
BOISE, IDAHO USA
Abstract
 

During the spring semester of 1997, the two authors team-taught "Marketing on the Internet" at the University Studies Abroad Consortium (USAC) site in Heredia, Costa Rica. The course made use of both professors' area of expertise - computer information systems and marketing. While the course syllabus from that semester is still available for perusal on the Web (http://minch.idbsu.edu/marknet/), the purpose of this paper is to describe that class and to comment on the advantages and disadvantages of not only teaching a course over the Internet, but one taught relying on the technology resources of a developing country and one in which students from two different nationalities are participating. While marketing on the Internet courses are often taught at many universities, to the authors' knowledge, this paper describes the first time such a course purposefully involved locations in more than one country.
 
 

WOMEN IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CASE STUDIES:
AN UPDATE
 
John A. Ruhe
Saint Mary's College
Notre Dame, INDIANA, U.S.A.
William R. Allen
University of Massachusetts
DARTMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

This study updates a 1991 WACRA paper addressing the availability of female role models in international casebooks. The analysis found 15.2% of 750 international business case studies showing women in significant roles versus 2.3% of 388 cases reviewed before. Overall, the results generally suggest that case writers in current international text- and casebooks portray women in roles reflective of comparable managerial, functional, and professional roles in the corporate world. Case and book authors are encouraged to scrutinize the material they incorporate in revised and new cases and text- and casebooks to assure the presence of appropriate role models for women.
 
 

CASE STUDY METHOD VERSUS SIMULATION MODELS IN THE LEARNING PROCESS AND IN THE SOLVING PROBLEMS PROCESS
 
Olga Rivera, Emiliano Fraile, Asun Ibañez
Deusto University
DONOSTIA, SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN
 
Abstract
 

The pedagogic process followed by both methods places emphasis on the four stages of the individual learning process described by Kolb in 1984. Kolb is one of the authors who has broken down the barrier between conscious and unconscious learning, building a bridge between them, and integrating both of them in a unique process. The learning process can be understood as a integrated balance between experience and theory.

Students learn through action. However, to be able to learn from their (or other's ) actions, they must be able to reflect about their (or other's) experience and its results. Subsequently, they need to move to the abstract checking the results of their experience with the theories, knowledge and assumptions (the way tehy think) that made them (or other's) take that decision. So we can distinguish in a conceptual way four different phases in the learning process: Think, Decide, Act, Reflect.
 
 

Session 14
 
 

CASE WRITERS WORKSHOP
 
James W. Camerius
N. Michigan University
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
 
 

Session 15
 
 

NATIONAL-LOUIS UNIVERSITY REVISITED AGAIN:
THIS TIME ON-LINE AND GLOBALLY
 
Edward Weiss
Alex Koohang
Ellen McMahon
Paula Jordan
National-Louis University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Until this last year, National-Louis University had virtually no web presence. Yes, they had some simple postings, and yes, our Continuing Education Department was beginning to do some exciting things. Fundamentally, however, there was little "there" there. In the past year, NLU, and particularly the College of Management & Business have made great strides. This has been in addition to the on-going excitement in our Continuing Education Department.

This presentation will consist of 4 parts a; (1) Dr. Alex Koohang will describe how he and his colleagues spearheaded NLU's, CMB's and Continuing Ed's hyperspeed journey onto the web; (2) Dr. Alex Koohang will also describe NLU's Continuing Jed's development, "What makes for a successful online course/program?" (3) Ellen McMahon will describe the development of our undergraduate degree completion program, Bachelors of Science in Management [BSM], and its translation to an on-line offering; (4a) Dr. Edward Weiss will describe the development of our web-supported MBA program and its transition to an on-line offering; (4B) Dr. Edward Weiss and Dr. Paula Jordon will describe the development of 2 individual MBA courses, Managerial Economics and Macroeconomics, for both web-supported offering and an on-line offering.
 
 

Session 16
 
 

EVENT-BASED ENTREPRENUERSHIP: THE IMPACT OF CASE STUDY LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE ATLANTA CENTENNIAL OLYMPICS TO SYDNEY 2000 STRATEGIES"
 
Siva K. Muthaly
University of Newcastle
CALLAGHAN, AUSTRALIA
Janek Ratnatunga
Monash Mt. Eliza Business School
VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
Gary B. Roberts
Carlotta D. Roberts
Kennesaw State University
KENNESAW, GEORGIA, USA
 

Abstract

This paper presents a number of case study lessons learned by successful and unsuccessful small businesses during the 1996 Summer Olympic games in Atlanta, Georgia; and constructs a descriptive model from which implications and recommendations are drawn for small businesses interested in the 2000 Summer Olympic games in Sydney, Australia.

There were two major reasons for undertaking Olympic businesses case studies. The first purpose is to develop a theoretical framework of critical factors to businesses specifically catering to the significant increase in perceived demand for goods and services that arise when staging an Olympics.

The second major purpose of undertaking Olympic businesses case study is to apply the lessons learned from the descriptive model in constructing a normative model for businesses gearing up for a future Olympiad.

Businesses expecting to make a quick fortune out of the Sydney Olympics are likely to be disappointed, as the experiences of entrepreneurs in Atlanta indicate that it would not be an easy task. The study found that the businesses most likely to be successful are ones that are already established with surplus funds to deploy into new ventures in which they can afford to take risks.

The Olympics in Australia is less than two years away, and hopefully, they will learn and benefit from the painful lessons in Atlanta. The Case study lessons presented in this paper provides specific normative lessons on how businesses can make or lose money during special demand conditions such as during an Olympics period.
 
 

EVALUATION OF THE ROUTES, METHODS, AND APPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE MARKETING AND CORPORATE STRATEGY INTERACTIVE LEARNING APPLICATIONS FOR CD ROM AND WORLD WIDE WEB
 
J. G. Gallagher
D.P. Stevenson
Napier University
EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, UNITED KINGDOM
E. Fordyce
Thames Valley University
LONDON, ENGLAND, UNITED KINGDOM
 
Abstract
 

This paper traces the experiences of developing electronic, interactive, multimedia, case studies for use on part-time MBA and Distance Learning MBA Marketing and Business Policy courses. It explores some of the pitfalls encountered and highlights and reviews student and industrial reactions to its development and usage. In addition, it examines the interface between delivery platform and content and how the integration of these relate to the need to develop both an informative and entertaining user experience.

The empirical base rests on the trial runs of the student evaluation CD Rom with postgraduate MBA students. Here a questionnaire was utilized and then followed up with personal interview. This work is still on-going.
 
 

A CASE OF SOCIAL AND LABOR INSERTION OF THE DISADVANTAGED: REFERENCES TO ORGANIZATION THEORY
 
Julio García del Junco
Rafael J. Castañeda Barrena
University of Seville
SEVILLE, SPAIN
 
Abstract
 

Among non-governmental organizations (NGO) the institutions of Social Reinsertion, and more concretely, institutions of initiatives for the social and labor insertion of the disadvantaged, in our opinion play a very important role in the new economic-social order. These organizations have a clear mission, even if most times they cannot achieve their goals. There are multi-factorial reasons, as much economical, social, anthropological ones as of management. Such a complex reality requires the crossing of many disciplinary approaches, which is why we present a case to this regard as well as the consequences deriving from it in the scope of our research.
 
 

Session 17
 
 

USING CASE STUDIES TO EXPAND EDUCATION STUDENTS' CONTACT WITH URBAN AND CULTURALLY PLURAL EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS
 
Henry, Samuel D.
DePauw University
GREENCASTLE, INDIANA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Challenges in the preparation of teachers and other educators, have included attempts to have students seek out and make meaning of experiences that come from outside of the boundaries of their life experiences. The need for this understanding and making of meaning has been well documented in the attempt to have neophytes come to deeper levels of contact and potential work with those different culturally from themselves [Chavkin, Families and Schools in a Pluralistic Society, 1993; Banks, Nultiethnic Education, 1994; Lynch, Multicultural Education, 1986; and Nieto, Affirming Diversity 1992/1996]. his report, an analysis of practice, is a descriptive explanation of the use of case study approaches to prepare students by using the case study approach to provide contact with urban and culturally plural educational settings. The report describes these efforts and reflects upon the four kinds of implementation: 1) investigation of the urban contexts of North America 2) utilizing the Internet as a vicarious experiential device for providing contextual inquiry 3) utilizing simulations for concretizing learning 4) utilizing case study to move students out of their comfort zones. The data for this report has been collected for more than five years, portions of it have been reported out previously in papers on teacher education and the preparation of prospective teachers to work with students who are culturally different from themselves [Henry, Developing Educators Who Are Effective in Diverse Communities, 1996; Henry, Graduate Education Affecting Communities of Color, 1997]. The data has been collected on two sites: 1) at a Western US public university in a graduate teacher education program and in undergraduate introduction to education (foundation) coursed, and 2) in a US Mid Wester Region private selective admissions liberal arts college. In each instance of using case studies, students have had little contact with urban life or culturally plural educational settings.

Unlike case study utilization in business and law, most researchers, like Merseth [Case, Case Methods and the Professional Development of Educators, 1996], Kleinfled [Learning to Think Like a Teacher: The Study of Case Studies, 1992], Richert [Using Teacher Cases for Reflection and Enhanced Understanding, 1991] and Wasserman [Using Cases to Study Teaching, 1994] appear to believe that case study is new to education and blossoming due to an interest in the development of teacher knowledge and cognition and as an acknowledgment of the complexities of teaching. A review of the literature from the ERIC Clearinghouse and other sources might suggest, however that case study has long been used but most often embedded in other genres of approach. Like the typology of Merseth [1996], the cases are described in terms of their purposes: 1) cases as exemplars, 2) cases as opportunities to practice analysis, the assimilation of differing perspectives and contemplation of action and 3) cases as stimulants to personal reflection.

The major finding of this report is that use of case studies can improve the education of teachers by providing opportunities for their understanding and developing skills in working with persons whose backgrounds are different from their own.
 
 

GLOBE: AN INTERNATIONAL, TECHNOLOGY-BASED INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM
 
Teresa J. Kennedy
University of Idaho
MOSCOW, IDAHO, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

The Idaho FLES model shows how a university and school district combine efforts to create a Spanish enrichment program designed to stimulate academic interest in elementary-age children and to provide pre-service teachers with additional foreign language teaching experience. Rather than focusing on textbook-based instruction, this model offers content-based curriculum intended to engage students in hands-on experiences through the NASA program "GLOBE".

The GLOBE program lends itself as a vehicle for learning Foreign Language, Mathematics, Technology, Social Studies and Culture, providing the perfect foundation for interdisciplinary study. The K-12 GLOBE materials allow students to learn a second language in a content-based manner and the program effectively incorporates all 5 goal areas of the National Standards in Foreign Language Project (1996). Students reinforce and further their knowledge of math, science, social studies and technology through the foreign language as they measure, calculate, report and enter data on the Internet. Students also have a means to engage in conversational exchanges with students in other countries who are conducting the same scientific protocols in their classrooms through organized GLOBE Web Chats as well as utilizing GLOBE-Mail, an e-mail system connected to all GLOBE schools.
 
 

TEACHERS CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING EDUCATIONAL COMPUTER SIMULATIONS
 

Maria J. Marcelino, Cristina A. Gomes and Teresa Mendes
University of Coimbra
COIMBRA, PORTUGAL
 
Abstract
 

In this paper we describe an evaluation study integrated in a teacher in-service training course on modeling and simulation that had been held last year at the University of Coimbra. The main objective of the study was to determine whether teachers have or have not the ease and the time for developing or adapting their own models and simulations for use with their students in learning contexts given access to the proper tools. Other objectives were to access the adequacy of the tools used and whether they have acquired during the course the required skills and knowledge to do so.
 
 

Session 18
 

THE VIRTUAL CASE - NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR ACTIVE LEARNING?
 
Reidar Larsson and Yngve Myrman
Stockholm University
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
 
Abstract
 

This paper reports on a project dealing with the very promising, but sometimes cumbersome task of introducing virtual cases at the Department of Political Science. A unique opportunity was presented to the Department to link the internal educational development of the case method with the multinational ELVIL project. Bridging the gap between these two projects has meant access to resources and know how, but also to restrictions. A series of virtual cases has been produced as a result of this cooperation. The next phase was to design a strategy for the development of virtual cases. One such pilot test is presented in this paper and in the appendix the first example of the case design - "Bruce Babbit and the oil in Alaska" - is demonstrated.
 

INTEGRATING INTERNET TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE
TEACHING AND LEARNING
 
Kuber N. Maharjan
Purdue University
COLUMBUS, INDIANA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Internet technology has become a vital tool of the teaching profession. To prepare today's students for tomorrow's needs, it is extremely important that students learn to deal with new technology. Exposure to this new technology will also provide students with an opportunity to adapt to changing circumstances. Numerous tools have been implemented at Purdue University School of Technology at Columbus to enhance traditional as well as distance learning. Use of these technologies in the face-to-face teaching and learning environment has raised student interest in the subject matter and in technology in general. It has also increased student interaction, information retention, and has also helped with student retention. This paper addresses the use of email and discussion forums for the class and sub-groups of class members. It will also discuss chat rooms for a class, submission of homework assignments over the Internet, and Internet publication of class schedules, assignments, syllabi, and class announcements. By implementing Internet technology as a teaching enhancement tool, both teaching and learning can be made very effective, easy, and even entertaining.
 
 

THE "ELP" AS A TOOL FOR CASE ANALYSIS
 
Violet Malone
Western Washington University
BELLINGHAM, WASHINGTON, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

This is a report of a study of applied research in education. An Experiential Learning Process(ELP) is an active teaching strategy. The process is designed to engage the learner in the discovery process and to reflect on the meaning(s) discovered in the process. It works well for adult learners who tend to learn from experience to theory. The process includes four components which are followed in a circular mode. The process begins with the experience and moves through generalizing, synergy and application.

This process was utilized as the model for analysis of case studies the graduate program courses in adult education. Participants felt they had a better understanding of the issues in the cases when they used the ELP and they found that the opportunity to reflect provide additional insights into the different issues.

The use of ELP as a tool for case analysis does require the instructor to list discovery questions and not answers in the teaching notes.
 
 

Session 19
 

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND THE USE OF THE COMPUTER: A PRACTICAL SOLUTION
 
Christine N. Sabieh
Notre Dame University
ZOUK MOSBEH, LEBANON
 
Abstract

The psychology of learning and the use of the computer to provide a practical solution to promote learning were studied. The overview of the psychology of learning included the learning theories and conditions of learning, individual and cooperative learning, learning styles, and affective factors. Computer assisted learning as a practical solution to cater to needs was discussed in relation to learner, educator, and activity type program. Results indicated that computer use assisted students to perform significantly better than students without computer assistance. It was concluded that the computer integrated the learning theories and conditions and provided a guaranteed learning environment.
 
 

AUDIT EVIDENCE: THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS
AND THE USE OF CASES TO TEACH CONCEPTS
 
Rocco R. Vanasco
National-Louis University
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Barbara Susman
Susman & Associates
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Clifford R. Skousen
Utah State University
LOGAN, UTAH, U.S.A.
 
 
Abstract
 

Auditors gather evidence to formulate their judgment on financial statements and in assessing the risk factors concerning the company under audit. This paper examines the role played by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Securities and Exchange Commission in developing auditing standards concerning audit evidence. A classroom approach to using significant court and SEC cases relating to audit evidence is described and the cases discussed.
 
 

A STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO UNIVERSITY AND INDUSTRY COLLABORATION IN EDUCATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
 
Robert L. Swinth
Nick Zelver
Montana State University
BOZEMAN, MONTANA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

The strategic opportunities for university and industry partnering are enormous. Both gain from joint efforts in education and from collaboration in research and field projects of mutual interest. In this study, we took the strategic management model approach to a case study in university-industry interactions. An interdisciplinary team of students and faculty from business and enginerring in the university and managers from industry, produced a strategic advantage for both. This approach, with its emphasis on strategic analysis and competitive success in a dynamic world, exceeded the results obtained from the traditional relationship based on university conducted feasibility studies for industry.
 
 

Session 20 (session 14 continued)
 
 

Session 21 (Left blank intentionally)
 
 

Session 22 (Information not available at Press Time)
 
 

Session 23 (Left blank intentionally)
 
 

Session 24
 

USING A SOUTHEAST ASIAN EXPERIENCE TO CREATE
AN IN-CLASS RESEARCH CASE:
A VIETNAMESE MARKETING RESEARCH PROJECT
 
Gary McCain
Boise State University
BOISE, IDAHO, U.S.A
 
Abstract
 

This case presents a Vietnamese student research project for an international appliance manufacturer that requests a demand analysis to determine the feasibility of building a factory in that nation. Students are challenged with how to design a valid sampling plan to provide a demand estimate. Cultural and analytical obstacles and their implications for the research planning process are discussed. Specific attention is given to defining the research population, constructing a sample frame, and drawing the sample.
 
 

LEARNING METHODOLOGY OF THE CASE METHOD
IN MULTINATIONAL SETTINGS
 
Jacques Hermant
Group ESC Nantes Atlantique
NANTES CEDIS, FRANCE
 
Abstract
 

When dealing with the case method, management professors have the feeling that the method, whose origins can be traced t the American educational experience, is more or less universal. This is due to the fact that in the sixties and seventies the American model was considered fully transferable when dealing with an occidental view of business education. The more the method is used, the more obvious it becomes clear that specific aspects in methodology must be dealt with if the method is to continue to be successful.

When a European or an American Faculty goes to teach business disciplines in African, Asian, or Latin American environments, he may encounter several difficulties tied up to the learning process. This paper will explore some of those obstacles.
 
 

Session 25
 
 

SUCCESSFUL PUBLICATION STRATEGIES:
AN EXPLORATORY CASE ANALYSIS OF EDITORS' PREFERENCES
 
Elizabeth I. Vaughn-Neely
Michael C. Budden
Southeastern Louisiana University
HAMMOND, LOUISIANA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

An obligation of academic scholars is to disseminate knowledge through publication. Professional educators have the responsibility of providing seminal information and developing innovative, interdisciplinary models of inservice and preservice training for business leaders, educators, social service professionals, health professionals, public servants, and others. Yet, getting a manuscript published is difficult, at times seemingly impossible for new investigators, and ascertaining the implicit guidelines are as important as the explicit editorial conventions. The intent of this exploratory case study was to investigate publishing criteria as well as the underlying mission and goals of editors, evaluate their responses to survey questions, and inform colleagues of editorial practice. Surveying editors consisted of an informal exploration of their perceived purpose; explicit editorial policies regarding language mechanics, readability, references, and style; implicit guidelines on the same components; as well as the use of electronic correspondence and submission. Potential patterns that arise consistently across all publications were identified. Where differences emerged, it was noted as a possible trend. The direction of future research includes: sample a larger portion of business, psychology, and educational journals to determine if the observed pattern and trends are universal, review original data, and strengthen initial findings with current information to identify the essential editorial guidelines for successful publication. It is imperative that the techniques for effective practice be heard by the necessary audiences in a timely fashion for our professional mission to be accomplished.
 
 

TEACHING BUSINESS ETHICS IN INTERNATIONAL COURSES
 
John A. Ruhe and Joyce Hicks
Saint Mary's College
NOTRE DAME, INDIANA U.S.A.
Monle Lee
Indiana University
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Globalization has increased the need for managers (and future managers) to better understand the various cultural and religious values that influence ethical decisions internationally. This paper examines the core ethical values of the major religions and how students can develop small cases that apply these religious values to common problems in global corporations.
 
 

Session 26
 

DISTANCE EDUCATION ROUNDTABLE
 

The participants of the roundtable will examine some or all of the following areas: the different delivery types of distance education; the advantages and disadvantages of distance education; the training needed to delivery a "quality" distance education degree/non-degree program; faculty training for distance education; the distance education curriculum requirements; the universities that are currently using distance education; the universities that want to offer distance education in the future; and the future trends in distance education in higher education.

 
DISTANCE EDUCATION: A COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL AND
MULTI-MEDIA TEACHING
 
Peter W. Olson
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Hartford, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

As society moves into the 21st century, distance education will become more commonplace in higher education. Technology is a major contributor to the dramatic transformation of distance learning. Although the use of technology for distance learning is not new - radio and television have been used effectively for more than forty years - satellites and the internet are transforming the world into a borderless educational arena.

In higher education, instructors are being asked to upgrade their skill base to include training in distance education delivery technologies. However, there are a growing number of institutions that want to participate in distance education, but cannot afford the multi-media technology and training. Similarly, there are instructors that will not embrace the new technologies and will continue willingly to instruct in the traditional mode, "chalk and talk." Additionally, there is a growing resistance among some faculty to distance education for a variety of reasons. Although these reasons may be valid, this paper will only focus on those instructors that are currently teaching a course in a distance education program and the methodology that they employ.
 
 

DISTANCE LEARNING WITH MULTIPLE MEDIA - PENN STATE WORLD CAMPUS EXPERIENCE
 
Elizabeth Hawthorne
Penn State University
UNIVERSITY PARK, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 
Abstract not available at press time.
 
 
FRISCAWAI'I: A TRANS-PACIFIC CLASSROOM
WEB COLLABORATION
 
Mike Mosher
Community Art Machines
MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Everyone loves to boast about an online collaborative artwork, no matter how thin the initial premise or small the innovation. And, as in private industry, rarely does a fine arts software project concluded with an analytical postmortem of a project of any kind. The project "Friscawai'i", involving students of Violet Murakami and Mike Mosher <mikemosh@well.com>, merits study because, well, it sort of sputtered to its incompletion.
 
 

A DISTANCE LEARNING EXPERIENCE: ACTION, WORK,
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
 
Dietrich Schaupp
West Virginia University
MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 
Abstract not available at press time.
 
 
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF DISTANCE EDUCATION:
DOES THE VENUE MATTER
 
Tommie Singleton
Gerald Crawford
University of North Alabama
FLORENCE, ALABAMA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Research into the benefits of Distance Education have produced some positive and negative results. More and more research is being done on pedagogical theory and outcome assessment (learning variables). This research attempts to study the difference distance education venue makes in delivering course materials. Learning outcomes are used as the measure of effectiveness. The traditional measure of scores (grades) is included, along with a self-rated skill level. The methodology to measure these outcomes was two assessment forms which were administered pre-course and post-course to measure the impact of the class on students' knowledge and skills. Results show there is no significant difference in learning outcomes.
 
 

DISTANCE LEARNING: WHAT POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION FACULTY REALLY THINK ABOUT IT
 
Tommie Singleton
Gerald Crawford, Ph.D.
University of North Alabama
Florence,  ALABAMA, U.S.A.
Marsha Craig-Lewis
Calhoun Community College
Madison, ALABAMA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Technologies such as the Internet, especially the World Wide Web (WWW), have provided ways for institutions and faculty to deliver courses by unconventional methods. Course materials are delivered to students by videotape, compressed video (video conferencing), and the Internet / Web. Many students, and many people in the public at large, find this method attractive and beneficial. Faculty, however, have had mixed opinions about the use of Distance Education. This research provides an empirical investigation of faculty attitudes towards Distance Education. The results reveal faculty's opinions are evenly divided over issues such as pedagogical benefits and potential loss of instructors' jobs.
 
 

Session 27
 
 

WRITING CASES WORKSHOP
"HOW CASE WRITERS CAN INCREASE THEIR
EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS"
 
James A. Erskine
University of Western Ontario
LONDON, ONTARIO, CANADA

This workshop is dedicated to writing field-based, decision-oriented cases for use in classroom discussions and is of interest to new and experienced case writers using a process that is applicable across all disciplines. The objectives of the writing cases session are to:

Session 28
 
INNOVATIVE CASE-LEARNING FOR CENTURY-21
 
Victor Selman
The American University
Washington, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, U.S.A.
Jerry Selman
ERA, Inc.
Bayonne, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Mega-learning can be reinforced in many ways. One novel way is by continual repetition through audio-visual media, where information is presented in a risk-/stress-free environment--auto-suggestion, suggestology, sophrology, biofeedback, etc. Another approach is to have abstract ideas in the sciences translated into physical learning aids, where the kernel of the analogy can be retained for comprehending and reinforcing differing situations, and for cross-disciplinary usage.
 
 

TEACHING CHANGE ACROSS DISCIPLINES: STUDENT-DESIGNED BOARD GAMES
 
Elia Chepaitis
Fairfield University
FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A
 
Abstract
 

The author taught three 300-level courses on contemporary topics which are inherently dynamic, multi-disciplinary, and international in scope: Contemporary Economic Development in Russia and Eastern Europe, International Information Systems, and Managing the Year 2000 Millennium Bug. To maximize interactive and experiential learning, student teams developed board games and held tournaments in each course. Examples of data sets and game scenarios are included, and the best of the board games will be available for play and evaluation. Game theory and its relationship to board games will be analyzed. Finally, plans to enhance this experiment will be presented.
 
 

RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -
AN EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION
 
Willem DeBeer and Marie Fowler
Technikon Pretoria
PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA
James Camerius
University of Michigan
MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
 

Developing countries of the world are characterized, inter alia, by poor productivity, high unemployment, high birth rates, low gross domestic products (GDP) per capita, an unhealthy brain drain and poor educational systems.

In order to survive and prosper, developing countries of the world need a dramatic increase in wealth creation. They need investment in science and technology in order to create more jobs. They need scientists and technologies who are well-qualified and capable of converting their entrepreneurial ideas into wealth creation. They need international leaders/managers with the necessary flair and skills to compete in the global village. To become a player in the global scene and to be successful internationally is the only way to survive.

To obtain this, developing countries need researchers who can, through research, give them a competitive edge in science and technology. They need researchers who are able to develop educational systems that can compete with the rest of the world. Research should focus on global competence and on development and empowerment of researchers.

In this paper, the Republic of South Africa was used as a main reference of the developing countries.
 
 

Session 29
 
 

CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PERCEPTIONS OF
COUNTRY CORRUPTION
 
James H. Davis
The University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, INDIANA, U.S.A.
John A. Ruhe
Saint Mary's College
NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Globalization has increased the need for managers (and future managers) to predict the potential for country corruption. Case writers and instructors need an understanding of why corruption develops more in some countries than in others so they can guide their students' understanding of ethical dilemma and establish appropriate controls. This paper examines the relationship between Hofstede's cultural dimensions and how country corruption is perceived. Power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity were all found to be significantly associated with perceived country corruption. They were also found to explain a significant portion of the variance in perceived corruption.
 
 

ASSESSING THE VALUE-ADDED BENEFITS
OF UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAMS
 
Marionette Holmes and Josef Broder
University of Georgia
ATHENS, GEORGIA, U.S.A.
Abstract
 

A value-added approach for assessing undergraduate degree programs is presented. Monetary returns to skills and attributes of alumni from the University of Georgia's College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences are measured. Interpersonal skills were found to provide the greatest value-added benefits for career advancement. Benefits were higher for non-business-related majors in the College. Contributions of interpersonal skills to career advancement remained constant during the study period while contributions of technical skills declined. Recommendations for revising curricula are presented.
 
 

CASE METHOD FOR THE APPLICATION OF SPREADSHEETS
IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING EDUCATION
 
Hassan B. Diab
American University of Beirut
BEIRUT, LEBANON
 
Abstract
 

The case method can play an important role in solving problems and in teaching problem solving and design in computer engineering courses. In this paper, a spreadsheet is used for the performance analysis of cache memory design in multiprocessor computer architectures. The topic of cache memory is an essential one in several computer engineering courses given at the junior and senior undergraduate level, as well as graduate level of electrical and computer engineering programs. In this paper, spreadsheet software is used to carry out performance evaluation studies on different cache memory design scenarios. Its low cost, flexibility and simplicity characterize the simulation. The suitability of this tool for educational purposes and its use in computer architecture courses are also addressed.
 
 

Session 30
 
 

TEACHER EDUCATORS' DESIGNER TECHNOLOGY
FOR UNIVERSITY CLASSROOMS
 
Janice L. Nath
Myrna Cohen
University of Houston
HOUSTON, TEXAS, USA
 
Abstract
 

This paper summarizes an effort to bring technology into the teacher education classroom in an innovative way. Partnerships were formed between professors and graduate students. These partnerships worked together to tailor technology programs either for classroom presentation purposes or for supplemental computer work for designated courses. Two such programs are described.
 
 

COLLABORATON ACROSS UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, POSTSECONDARY AND SECONDARY INSTUTITIONS,
AND DISCIPLILNES TO PREPARE INTERNS IN THE
CASE STUDY APPROACH
 
Carolyn Stone
University of North Florida
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

The University of North Florida (UNF) in Jacksonville, Florida is the administrator of a collaborative effort to extend delivery of comprehensive services to at-risk students and their families. Project EFECT involves a UNF partnership with the Duval County Public Schools (DCPS), and three other universities around the state of Florida, i.e., Jacksonville University College of Health, Florida State university (FSU) Social Work Program, and the University of Central Florida. Project EFECT provides an alternative model for training student service interns from UNF, JU and FSU for the purpose of helping them acquire skills necessary to function in a collaborative 21st century school. The focus is to address the multiple and interrelated etiologies of students' problems through a case management approach. Student service interns from school counseling, nursing, and social work services deliver services in a holistic, collaborative and interdisciplinary manner. The inters in collaboration with the school principal, school counselor, teachers, and district level student service personnel work to enhance the academic success of at-risk students by providing individual or group interventions, assessment, parent education seminars, and teacher consultation.
 
 

STUDENT-CENTERED TEACHING:
LESSONS FROM THE OLD MASTERS
 
Abdul Latif
Grand Valley State University
ALLENDALE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

The three objectives we will address in this paper are: (1) to analyze why the student-centered teaching is the new wave for the 21st century, (2) to derive insights from philosophers of education, and (3) to generate strategies to foster student-centered teaching.

I teach foundations of education courses. On the first day of class, I ask students to share with the class their memories of the best and worst teachers. I tried to incorporate students' response to what some famous students said about their famous teachers. In this context, I develop some strategies of student-centered teaching.
 
 

Session 31
 
 

USE OF THE CASE METHOD TO ASSESS CORE COMPETENCIES
IN A BUSINESS CURRICULUM
Vicki Peden, Shanthi Srinivas, Kathleen Harcharik
California State Polytechnic University
POMONA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract

This proposal describes the use of the case method to assess the core competencies in the business school curriculum of a large comprehensive university. Following the advice of assessment experts, the particular case that is developed for this purpose is designed to be integrated into the course requirements, is brief, yet powerful enough to measure all ten competencies (involving individual competencies such as critical thinking skills and written communication skills and group competencies such as leadership and teamwork) while requiring only one contact hour with students.
 
 

INTERACTIVE LEARNING IN THE CORPORATE UNIVERSITY STRUCTURE: HOW CORPORATE UNIVERSITIES UTILIZE
THE CASE METHOD AS A TEACHING TOOL
 
Gerhard Zapke-Schauer
Euratio Akademie
ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
 
Abstract
 

The case method is recognized by academia as an effective teaching tool. While the Harvard Business School first popularized its use, the case method originates from everyday business practices. This study examines the use of the case method, not traditional academic circles, but in those universities operated by corporations.

The corporate university is more than just a training program for company employees. Its programs range from company orientation to complete MBA degrees. Thus the use of the case method will be as varied as the programs offered. This study approaches a variety of corporate universities to determine how the case method is being employed, to discover trends in case methodology, and their effectiveness in course of daily business.
 
 

GETTING TO KNOW NEW FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS
THROUGH CASE STUDY RESEARCH AND WRITING
 
Michael F. Welsh
University of South Carolina
COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, USA
 
Abstract
 

Graduate students who co-taught a freshman seminar course were asked to research and write a case study about a first-year student in the class. The case study was to describe a problem the student had faced or a decision the student had made early in his or her first semester in college. The purpose of this activity was twofold, first it allowed the graduate student co-teachers to get to know at least one of their students very well and, second, it provided a means of collecting case studies specifically about first-year students as they adjusted to the college campus. Of the case studies collected, most dealt with problems new students encountered with relationships; relationships with family and friends left behind, and relationships with new friends, roommates and faculty on campus. A example of a case study developed through this process is presented along with its instructor note.
 
 

Session 32
 
 

Creative, Interactive Teaching and Learning -
The Urban Wilderness Learning Project
 
Karla Myles
Community of Learners Charter School
DURANGO, COLORADO, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

The Urban Wilderness Learning Project is sponsored by the Community of Learners Charter School in Durango, Colorado, and continues to provide amazing academic and life-changing adventures for all teachers and learners who choose to be involved. It inspires its young students to rethink their roles in their community; they are asked and trained to be leaders, thinkers, and creators - and they are responding proactively. This work discusses the Learning Project as well as analyzes the topic of schools as political organizations, and seek to underscore, through illustration, the importance of the interdisciplinary and immersion-based educational model where diversity and difference are honored.
 
 

Session 33
 

LEARNING WITH CASES WORKSHOP
"HOW STUDENTS CAN INCREASE THEIR
EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS"
 
James A. Erskine
University of Western Ontario
LONDON, ONTARIO, CANADA
 

This workshop is focused on helping students to learn faster and better using cases. The objectives of the learning with cases workshop are to:

Session 34
 
THE CASE METHOD AS AN INSTRUMENT
IN ORGANIZATION CHANGE
 
Taïeb Hafsi
Jean-Yves Le Louarn
École des Hautes Études Commerciales
MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC, CANADA
 
Workshop
 

This symposium will be based on a set of three cases being written on the African Developmelnt Bank. The cases describe the strategic situation of the Bank:

The symposium is intended to reveal the complexity of managing an institution with powerful international shareholders, and in particular of managing a major strategic shift.
 
 

Session 35
 
 

THE THREE W'S OF ENHANCING STUDENT LEARNING THROUGH MULTI-CAMPUS COLLABORATION VIA THE WORLD WIDE WEB -
U.S. PHILIPPINES, AND JAPAN: WHAT WORKS,
WHAT DOESN'T, AND WHY?
 
Juanita Roxas, Helena Czepiec, Patricia Hopkins
California State Polytechnic University
POMONA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Luz Suplica
De La Salle University
MANILA, PHILIPPINES
Maria Roxas
Central Connecticut State University
NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Lucia Peek
Western Illinois University
CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
Rowena Santiago
California State University
SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
Mikiko Nakata
Hiroshima-Denki Institute of Technology
HIROSHIMA, JAPAN
 
Abstract
 

This special session will consist of a panel of instructors who will share examples of interactive, problem oriented learning experiences that utilize web based technology to enable multi-campus cooperation between students. Presenters will discuss development and implementation issues. The examples will be relevant to an international and multi-disciplinary audience of educators. Student projects to be discussed involve close collaboration between U.S. Universities and counterparts in the Philippines and Japan. The projects involve students in the areas of International Marketing, Accounting, Teacher Educations, and Engineering. The participants all have experience in international education.
 
 

Session 36
 
 

STRESS AND YOUR PERSONALITY:AN INTERACTVE WORKSHOP
 
Debbie O'Reilly
National-Louis University
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, USA
Nancy J. Gup
National-Louis University
ATLANTA, GEORGIA, USA
 
Abstract
 

Only one person in six claims to be relatively free from stress, with 83% of workers reporting to experience excessive amounts of stress as a result of their jobs. There appears to be a link between stress and the high rates of absenteeism and loss of production. Stress related disability claims are increasing each year and are extremely costly to business and industry.

There are two primary objectives of this workshop. The first is to clarify and understand personality types utilizing the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The second is to explore your thoughts and behaviors which influence the stress response. Workshop participants will be able to identify what triggers stress based on personality types and will assess type specific tools and techniques for managing stress more effectively. This workshop can be used in training sessions or in the classroom in academic disciplines such as Psychology, Management, Organizational Behavior or Behavioral Sciences.

Through an awareness of personality types (both yours and others) new insights can be gained. The following questions will be explored:

Workshop participants will have an opportunity to complete the assessment outside the workshop. Participants will experience an overview of the uses of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and a small group discussion. A bibliography of recommended readings, videos, and training materials will be distributed.
 
 

Session 37 (Left blank intentionally)
 
 

Session 38 (Left blank intentionally)
 
 

Session 39
 

GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP -CULTURE AND
TEACHING WITH CASES
 
Keith Martin
Fairfield University
FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
 
Workshop
 

Panel:

Elia Chepaitis, Fairfield University, FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.

Ronald Patten, DePaul University, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.

M. A. Chamme, University of Botswana, BOTSWANA, AFRICA

Diego Hidalgo, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS
 
 

Session 40
 
 

FACILITATING CLASSROOM DISCUSSIONS WORKSHOP
"WHAT TO DO IF IT HAPPENS TO YOU"
 
James A. Erskine
University of Western Ontario
LONDON, ONTARIO, CANADA
 
Workshop
 

This workshop is focused on managing the case classroom discussion process. An opportunity is provided for both new and experienced teachers and across all disciplines to discuss a variety of situations which may occur in discussion based learning using cases.
 

Session 41
 

SYLVIE VOGHE, FCGA
ACCOUNTING, FIGURES, COLUMNS, STRATEGY, AND MUCH MORE
 
Joëlle Piffault Hafsi
Michel Guindon
Taïeb Hafsi
École des Hautes Études Commerciales
MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC, CANADA
 
Abstract
 

The purpose of this case was to show MBA students that you can major in accounting and still find yourself involved in managerial positions. To that effect, the authors interviewed Sylvie Voghel. By training Ms. Voghel is a Certified General Accountant but thanks to her technical skills and her ability to communicate, she has been able to climb up Hydro-Québec's corporate ladder.

The case describes several of Ms. Voghel's important moments in her life. Each period is connected to the next by a common thread, which is her education in accounting. But as years pass by Ms. Voghel has been able to build upon her skills and past experiences are always a source of knowledge for present actions.
 
 

MOVING A DEAL FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY FOR ANCO-EAGLIN: PRE-SHIPMENT EXPORT FINANCING ASSISTANCE
BY NORTH CAROLINA SBTDC
 
Charles D. John
Northern Piedmont Region, SBTDC
WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Stephen R. Lucas and Benton E. Miles
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
Cynthia C. Clemons
Northeast Piedmont Region, SBTDC
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

This case deals with the process of borrowing working capital to finance an export order. Readers of the case are apprized of key terms through a glossary. The credit memorandum is a featured exhibit and serves as a source for developing answers to certain of the questions posed. Readers are asked to determine the credit worthiness of the company. A major problem in the case centers on the use of a Letter of Credit to collateralize the loan.

A major concern throughout the case is the high payment risk associated with export transactions. A problem develops in the use of a Letter of Credit to reduce the payment risk and to collateralize the loan. The case demonstrates a pragmatic approach to solving this problem and ensuring the success of the transaction.
 
 

CHANGING COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS: THE PULL BETWEEN FUNDAMENTALS AND TRIVIA
 
Taïeb Hafsi
École des Hautes Études Commerciales
MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC, CANADA
 
Abstract
 

Changing complex organization systems has suffered from some basic conceptual flaws, all related to the poor understanding of complexity and its effects. Most of the literature in the strategic management of change has thus been dominated either by broad oversimplified cycle-based theories such as punctuated change [Greiner, 1972; Kuhn, 1970; Tushman and Romanelli, 1985], or by jockingly simplistic and normative prescriptions [Miller, Greenwood and Hinings, 1997].

In this paper, we use a long term study of a large utility firm in Quebec to highlight how change can be problematic when any of the three sets of factors is neglected. In the first part, we describe the first major change of the firm position in the 1980s, to show how the neglect of organizational factors and of people in community, has led a reasonably good formulation of a possible repositioning to a disastrous failure, and to a durable decline of the firm's performance. In the second part, we describe the organizational response of the firm to such a decline, with a relative neglect of both position and community, with a less than convincing result. In the third part, we propose a discussion of the utility firm's ordeal, with a special emphasis on how complexity changes the problem of managing change. The conclusion suggests the need for a new model of managing change in complex situations.
 
 

Session 42
 
 

INTERNATIONALIZING WOMEN'S STUDIES USING CREATIVE, INTERACTIVE, CRITICALLY REFLECTIVE, AND CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING
 
Yvonne E. Gonzalez Rodriguez
Barbara R. Sjostrom
Rowan University
GLASSBORO, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Addressing cross-cultural research, teaching and learning in higher education has critical implications for the inclusion of multiple perspectives within institutions of higher education [Rodriguez, 1995; Bensimon & Tierney, 1992-93]. The challenge to infuse the theoretical and practical issues takes on urgency considering demograpic trends within continental U.S. and the multicultural and international composition of the higher education faculty and student body.

The theoretical framework for this paper is based on a comprehensive review of the literature on constructivist, critically reflective, and culturally response teaching. Within this paper, the researchers applied a multicultural framework for analyzing and assessing creative, interactive teaching in higher education. The paper also advances the knowledge base by identifying and documenting specific strategies faculty can utilize in creative, interactive teaching and learning in a cross-cultural, interdisciplinary curriculum. The strategies introduced are aimed at creating a learning environment that allows for the inclusion of multiple perspectives and reinforces democratic principles, sound pedagogy, and critical thinking.
 
 

FORTEX GROUP LTD: THE DEMISE OF A ONCE HANDSOME PRINCE
Garry Heaton
University of Otago
DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND
 
Abstract
 

Fortex Group Ltd, operated in New Zealand between 1985 and 1994 as a processor of meat products and as a marketer of these products both within New Zealand and internationally. In March, 1994 the company was placed in receivership and was subsequently liquidated. Just four years earlier, Fortex won an award as New Zealand company of the year and its chief executive, Graeme Thompson, was honored for management excellence and for services to the meat industry. This case considers the forces which transformed an organization regarded as a market leader and as a model which other organizations were encouraged to emulate, into an abject failure.
 
 

BUILD TO CREATE
 
Ricardo Hernández Mogollon
University of Extremadura
CÁCERES, SPAIN
 
Abstract
 

The president of the rotary Club, an entrepreneur, and a professor of Business Administration, shared the same concern. They wanted to disseminate an entrepreneurship spirit among young people; therefore they conceived and offered a number of seminars that were held in the city of Cáceres in 1996 and 1997. The participation rate was so successful that it justified the writing of a master case and the making of a video. Using ten real cases of entrepreneurs who started their businesses with zero capital, participants were immersed in the master case to make them think like entrepreneurs - that is live the vital experience of building new businesses.
 
 

Session 43
 

STAGES OF STUDENT EMPOWERMENT:
A MULTICULTURAL DIMENSION
 
Rosa Hernández Sheets
San Francisco State University
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

An education that is multicultural empowers and prepares students for a democratic society. This research concentrated on how student competence, defined as (1) positive ethnic identity development, (2) accelerated achievement and social adjustment, and (3) self-empowerment, unfolded when instruction and context were modified as explained in the program description.
 
 

CASE STUDIES AS A TOOL FOR THE EXTERNALIZATION
OF TACIT MANAGERIAL KNOWLEDGE
Angel L. Arboníes
Parque Tecnológico, Edificio 101
ZAMUDIO (VIZCAYA), SPAIN
Jon Landeta
University of the Basque Country
BILBAO (VIZCAYA), SPAIN
Olga Rivera
University of Deusto
SAN SEBASTIAN (GUIPUZCOA), SPAIN
 
Abstract
 

Case studies are used by the Knowledge Management Society (KMS) as a tool in promoting the dissemination of Knowledge management to other agents.

To begin with, case studies are used in teaching. Here the relationship between university and firm facilitates the externalization of tacit Knowledge. What is new is that these case studies relate to Basque firms, are mainly SMEs. This is an important point, since the managerial practice in question is described in its proper context. Moreover, the purpose of these case studies, from the point of view of the Knowledge Management Society, is to promote new Knowledge on the basis of the socialization, internalization, and combination of knowledge through such agents as consultancies, universities, and management-related institutions and other firms.
 

 
TEACHER TRAINING FOR A NEW INTERACTIVE EDUCATIONAL MODEL
 
Lilian Dabdoub
Humberto Albarrán
Universidad Tecnológica de México
MÉXICO D.F. C.P.
 
Abstract
 

An educational institution with high school and higher level education was interested in developing a new educational model which could foster in the students the development of skills needed for constructing meaningful knowledge. The project was oriented initally to attend high school students.

The new educational model was developed based mainly on constructivist principles. The initial proposal was to foster independent knowledge in the students. The need of teaching them learning strategies was identified, so in the initial courses there were two types of sessions in the classrooms. One kind was oriented to teach learning strategies linked to the subject matters they were studying. The other kind, called Tutorial Seminars, had the purposse to develop meaningful learning and critical thinking by students' participation in several kinds of activities like simulations, problem solving, games and others. In such a model, the role of the teacher is one of a learning facilitator and mediator. So all the activities in the classroom are student centered and the role of the student becomes a more active one.

The first generation of teachers who participated in this program finished their studies in december 1998. As a result of the evaluation of this part of the program it was found that most of the teachers had accepted the new model and although some of them weren't for the moment teaching in highschool where the new model is already working, and they are teaching in the graduate level, they are already introducing changes in their teaching and they are already developing their own teaching strategies (games, simulations, cases, problems, etc.). For the moment we can conclude that the program has been succesful reaching the purposes stated.
 
 

Session 44
 
 

HISTORIAN: BUILDING A NEW NATION IN 1789
 
Donald R. Hetzner
State University College at Buffalo
BUFFALO, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

The case study Historian: Building a New Nation in 1789 contains the proprietary computer database CONGRESS. The database provides interactive access to demographic and voting data on the 95 men who attended the 1st United States Congress held in New York City, 1789-1791. The 1st Federal Congress implemented the Constitution of the United States and established the framework for a Federal Republic that has lasted 210 years, and CONGRESS allows users to test ideas and speculate on the problems of establishing that democracy. LISTS, TABLES, and CHARTS can be generated on-line and combined with the text and materials of Historian... to form a Computer-Based Case Study.
 
 

THE CASE STUDY METHOD IN A BUSINESS CALCULUS CLASS
Georgia Pyrros
University of Delaware
NEWARK, DELAWARE, U.S.A
 
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide a pedagogical approach to a very important calculus topic, the derivative. This approach involves the well know Case Study Method; it has been used successfully in many fields.
 
 

DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF CASE STUDIES
 
John Parkinson
Atkinson College, York University
TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA
 
Abstract
 

This paper examines the ways in which case study responses are assessed. A survey of assessment approaches is used to identify which approaches are associated which various factors such as subject area and level of course. No statistically significant result was obtained, but anecdotal evidence was reported for differences based on subject and level of course.
 
 

Session 45
 
 

THE ROLE OF CASE STUDIES IN STUDYING COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION
 

Larry Miller
Queen's University
KINGSTON, ONTARIO, CANADA
J. Dale Burnett
University of Lethbridge
LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA
 
Abstract
 

This paper examines the contribution of case studies in understanding how teachers and students use computer technology. The value of computers in education is controversial, with some researchers contending their worth can be proven only through quantitative studies that compare learning through technology with traditional forms of instruction. Although we accept the premise that comparative research has a place in understanding computers, such a singular focus is too narrow. Case studies offer unique perspectives about what can be achieved with computer-based learning; equally important, they provide an opportunity to examine the contextual nature of technology implementation.
 
 

CARDS GAME:
HAVE A GOOD TIME LEARNING COSTS
 
Olga Rosa Molina de Paredes
Universidad de Los Andes
MÉRIDA, VENEZUELA
 
Abstract
 

The Cards Game, dynamic and amusing, is a didactic tool dedicated to the teaching of costs. It is directed to students with knowledge and interest on the topic, but also to any work group because, besides teaching, it facilitates interpersonal communication.

The game was conceived to improve both the teaching process and the learning of costs. Its two premises are the students' motivation and a good check of their knowledge of cost calculation of a finished production in a system of costs by work orders.
 
 

INTEGRATING THE TOOLS OF QUALITY INTO CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION: BREAKING THROUGH TO
THE 21ST CENTURY
 
June Morrison-Jones
University of North Texas Health Science Center at Forth Worth
FORTH WORTH, TEXAS, U.S.A.
 
Abstract
 

Health care delivery is evolving toward population-based care. With this evolution, managed care companies, purchasers, accrediting agencies, and consumers are emphasizing "service" and are requiring higher levels of provider performance. As a result, continuing education (CE) providers must not only know the basics of accreditation and programming but must also now focus on quality, collaboration, innovation and accountability. To illustrate the emerging role of CE, the best outcome occur when teams of health care professionals improve the process of care. This paper describes the changes in the health care delivery system and how these changes will define a changing role for continuing medical education. The presenter will discussed how a quality management and a CME department within a hospital collaborated to plan a program for physicians and other health care professionals to appropriately reduce C-section rates.
 
 

Session 46
 
 

ACADEMIA - ENTREPRENEURSHIP - GOVERNMENT:
A WINNING COMBINATION
 
Carmen Vega-Carney
Thunderbird (AGSIM)
GLENDALE, ARIZONA, U.S.A.
 

Panel:

Diego Hidalgo, Harvard University, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.

Ricardo Hernández Mogollón, University of Extremadura, CÁCERES, SPAIN

Marcel Muriel, Catelsa-Hutchinsin-Total

Julián Cuéllar, Asociación Nacional

Ricardo Leal, Christian Leal Group

José Luis Gómez Vizcaíno, Sociedad de Capital Riesgo

Lola Serrano, Recursos Humanos del Grupo Joca

Grupo Cooperativo Jerte
 
 

Session 47
 
 

CONCLUDING SESSION
 

Ricardo Hernández Mogollón, University of Extremadura, CÁCERES, SPAIN

Teresa Carriedo, Open University, CÁCERES, SPAIN

Hans Klein, WACRA®, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A.